Fluid inclusions are microscopic bubbles of liquid and gas that are trapped within crystals. As minerals often form from a liquid or aqueous medium, tiny blebs of that liquid can become trapped within the crystal structure or in healed fractures within a crystal. These small inclusions range in size from 0.1 to 1 mm and are usually only visible in detail by microscopic study. These inclusions occur in a wide variety of environments. For example they are found within cementing minerals of sedimentary rocks, in gangue minerals such as quartz or calcite in hydrothermal vein deposits, in fossil amber, and in deep ice cores from the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps. The inclusions can provide information about the conditions existing during the formation of the enclosing mineral.
Geosciences
地球科学，7大基础学科之一，是以地球系统（包括大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈和日地空间）的过程与变化及其相互作用为研究对象的基础学科，包括地质学、地理学，以及其它衍生学科。地球科学是一个大题目，纵横几万里，上下数亿年，几乎辐射到自然科学的其他各个领域。对地球的认识同世界各民族的起源、历史、文化乃至这个世界文明的进展，都是紧密联系在一起的。
